The San Francisco

A gin liqueur distilled with sloe drupes; small fruits relative to the plum. It is a much lower alcohol percent than dry gin and has a sweeter flavour due to the added sugar.

Also refered to as French vermouth, these are (usually) colorless vermouths that have not been sweetened, containing less than 4% sugar.

Also known as Vermouth di Torino, Italian vermouth, rosso and red vermouth; these vermouth have been sweetened with cane sugar or caramelized sugar, usually giving the vermouth 10-15% sugar and a slightly reddish brown color.

A bitters made from Seville oranges, cardamom, caraway seed, coriander and burnt sugar.

A class of bitters that a broadly made from aromatic herbs, spices, fruits and botanicals. This includes Peychuad and Angostura bitters. You can make these at home. There are plenty of recipes online for various bitters, a good book source is 'Bitters' by Brad Parsons. The only down side is they generally require hard-ish to source ingredients.

In cocktails, cherries are sweetened in a brine, like maraschino cherries (marr-ə-SKEE-noh) or in brandy, like brandied cherries. They are usually used as a garnish, muddled into the cocktail, or used simple for their sweetened brine.